Using dehydration to preserve fruits, vegetables, and meats. The fruits are dried to the extent that the greater part of the moisture has been removed, and in addition the fruit may be subjected to a safe and appropriate treatment in preparation and packing, to permit marketing in normal. Capable of producing fruit for 30 years, dried plum trees bear fruit 4 to 6 years after planting and reach full production at 8 to 12 years old. Monitoring and optimization of the process of drying fruits. Fruits are dried until they have the desired final moisture content 15% for conventionally dried fruits. If too much sulphite is used, it taints the fruit and gives it a bad taste. Commodity specification for dried fruit, january 2021 pdf, section 32 specification for dried sweet cherries february 2021 pdf commodity specifications for dried fruit april 2020 pdf commodity specifications for dried fruit, august 2019 pdf vegetables. Main dried fruits and nuts suppliers and strategies 16 united states 16 turkey17 islamic republic of iran 17 germany 18 spain18 afghanistans dried fruits and nuts value chain 19 current value chain operations 19 production of dried fruits and nuts 19 dried fruit and nut processing 19 value addition facilities 20 distribution20. Processing small fruit 350 orangesbox will result in 1,500 lh juice flow rate instead of 3,000 lh when processing large fruit 180 orangesbox. The characteristics of kyrgyz exports in the external markets are good taste and the absence of chemical additives, thus kyrgyz production is. In many cases, fruit cultivars grown for fresh market sale are not optimal cultivars for processing. After dormancy during the winter months, the trees produce fragrant white blossoms in spring, which last about one week before falling to the ground, revealing the first signs of the forming fruit.
Influence of microwave vacuum drying process parameters on. The sulfur fumes penetrate the fruit and act as a pretreatment by retarding spoilage. If home dried foods are eaten within a short time, there may be little difference in the long and shortterm pretreatments. The dried fruits shall have a fresh fruit flavor and odor typical for the type specified. Sublimed sulfur is ignited and burned in an enclosed box with the fruit. As an ingredient or standalone product, dried fruit can provide nutrition, flavor and satisfaction. The present work was aimed to study the chemical composition of freeze dried fruits from four fruit species.
Drying fruits and vegetables university of georgia. Dried fruit is part of the market for preserved fruit and vegetables. Other varieties of dried fruit are also available, sometimes in candied form sugar. Potassium and sodium metabisulphite can be purchased from food processing ingredient suppliers, brewing shops or pharmacists. Sulphuring by burning sulphur in a sulphur cabinet sulphiting by soaking fruits in a solution of sodium metabisulphite or potasium metabisulphitethe strength of the sulphite solution or the amount of sulphur used and the time of exposure, depend on the commodity, its. Unpeeled or uncovered fruits need to be treated to destroy insect eggs that might have gotten on the fruit. Jun 11, 2007 dried fruit boasts fiber, vitamins and antioxidants and are part of a healthy diet. Handle fruits gently and process them immediately because fruit ready for drying is very frag. Metric aa20365 august 30, 2012 commercial item description. Semifinished products such as juices, jams, tomato and fruit pastes, dried vegetables, fruit apricots and spices predominate in the export mix. Food processing adds value, enhances shelf life of the perishable agrofood products and encourages crop diversification. If fruit dried whole, check or crack the skin to speed drying and. Dried fruit is fruit that has had almost all of the water content removed through drying methods. The largest industry branches are the meat and meat processing industry, making up 24% of the total turnover, the confectionary and bakery industry 18%, the milk industry %, the production of alcoholic beverages 8%, as well as the processed and canned fruit and vegetables industry 6%.
Use overripe or bruised fruits in other ways for example, as fruit leathers. With the wide availability of tabletop kitchen equipment for fruit and vegetable processing mechanical cutters, slicers, homemade dehydrators, blenders, etc. Other varieties of dried fruit are also available, sometimes in candied form sugar coated. Fully matured fruit are harvested and quickly transported to the fruit processing plant. Fruits can also be dried as fruit leathers and rolls.
It then turns its attention to the potential within the vietnamese market for the abovenamed products the business intends to export in its first few years. The cool night air condenses and could add moisture back to the food, thus slowing down the drying process. Various devices are used to control air circulation and recirculation. The effect of the operating parameters on the quality of products and the. Choose firm, fully ripe fruit that is heavy for its size. There shall be no foreign odors or flavors, such as, but not limited to, burnt, stale, rancid, or moldy. Fruit and vegetable processing contents bibliography appendix i fruit and vegetable processing flowsheets appendix ii standards for grades of dried apricots appendix iii recipe guidelines. Dried fruits can also be added to granola or hot cereals, salads, pilafs, meat dishes and much more. Dip in ascorbic acid or other antidarkeningantimicrobial solution for 10 minutes. Drying fruits and vegetables university of idaho extension. Other intermediate and low water activity foods, like dried fruit, strawberry jam, crackers, soy sauce, and dried noodles, start with a high water activity and,through processing, end up with a. Directions for use place enough juice to cover fruit in a bowl.
Conditioning is the process of evenly distributing moisture present in the dried fruit to prevent mold growth. Trade mitigation specification for fresh plums june 2019 pdf dried fruit. Fruit and vegetable processing ch08 fruit specific. The fruits are ripened in controlled ripening chambers or natural ripening in open yard. Dried fruits are a great snack, being convenient and easy to pack no matter.
Making dried fruit can be a fun family activity with a tasty end product. A sample fruit processing plant business plan template. These crops are processed in substantial quantities without much technical aid by simply spreading the fruit on the ground, racks, trays, or roofs and exposing them to the sun until dry. Developments in packaging of fresh fruits and fruit products 277 poonam aggarwal and amarjit kaur part 4. Jun 04, 2017 dried fruit is fruit that has had almost all of the water content removed through drying methods the fruit shrinks during this process, leaving a small, energydense dried fruit raisins are.
Jan 18, 2021 the results showed that the processing parameter had a significant effect on the phytochemical properties and color change of the dried fruit. Dried fruit is widely used by the confectionery, baking, and sweets industries. Dried fruit is not widely available since there is little fresh fruit surplus. Dried or dehydrated fruits and vegetables can be produced by a variety of processes. Each juice adds its own color and flavor to the fruit. Processing fruit drying processing capacity in the region is very limited and there is no mechanized dried fruit processing. Sulphuring by burning sulphur in a sulphur cabinet sulphiting by soaking fruits in a solution of sodium metabisulphite or potasium metabisulphitethe strength of the sulphite solution. This is then further dried in a forcedair dehydrator at 45 c for 3. Fruit processing plants and equipments 299 jozsef barta. Pdf an overview is given regarding the most recent use of nondestructive techniques during drying used to monitor quality changes in fruits. Food manufacturing plants use dried fruits in various sauces, soups, marinades, garnishes, puddings, and food for infants and children.
Fruit and vegetable processing industry inspection manual table of contents 1. Valley fig growers industrial products california dried figs. Pdf the current work presents an investigation on fruit drying system. During each step of processing we ensure blue ribbon orchard choice figs meet or exceed the rigorous standards of the independent dried fruit association inspectors, as. Raisins are the most common type, followed by dates, prunes, figs and apricots. Cover photodishes prepared from dried fruits and vegetables top to bottom are tangy golden. Dried fruits and nuts sector international trade centre.
Farmers make can sell fresh apricots for twice the price of dried apricots, so fruit is only dried if it cant be sold fresh. Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Turnkey dried fruit processing plant and thompson seedless vineyard currently in use daily. Dried foods cost little to store and use less storage space. Fruit and vegetable processing industry in kyrgyzstan. Of the processed apples, 18% was utilized in juice and cider, % was canned, 3% was dried, 2%. Cashew nuts, macadamia nuts a golden kiwi fruit, apples and high quality nz tea. Dried fruit is mainly used as a snack or in breakfast cereals, muesli, bakery products, dairy products and desserts. Stationary or batch processes include kiln, tower or stack, and cabinet driers.
As ingredients in prepared food, dried fruit juices, purees, and pastes impart sensory and functional characteristics to recipes. Pretreating lightcolored fruits before drying is important for the quality and. Fruit and fruit products as ingredients 263 gyorgyi p. Pdf processing of dried fruits farhang hamid academia. To cook dried fruit, cover with boiling water and simmer covered until. If the food is dried at a temperature that is too high, the outer surface will harden, preventing moisture from escaping from the center of the slicethis is called case hardening. After one hour reduce the temperature to 5 to 140f to finish drying. Mango fruits are usually eaten fresh as dessert or as relish depending on. Select highquality, fully ripe fruit, and discard any fruit with decay. A basic guide to drying fruits and vegetables iufost.
Fme skill training drying and dehydration of fruits and. This difference means a doubling of juice volume and byproducts to be handled by downstream equipment. Fruit processing waste management 315 judit monspartsenyi. Fruit pulp is prepared from selected varieties of fruits. Dried fruits should be packaged immediately after drying to prevent them absorbing mois ture from the surrounding air. Heat dried fruit in the oven at 160f for 30 minutes or chill in the freezer at 0f or below for 48 hours. The dried and cooled leathers are cut into 12 x 12 cm squares and wrapped in polypropylene pp of 0. Organization of the inspection and selfmonitoring manuals 2 1.
Eating dried fruit can be a healthy substitute for sweet desserts or unhealthy snack food products. Sensory evaluation of home dried fruit prepared using. This solution may be used twice, before being replaced. Sulfuring sulfuring is an old method of pretreating fruits. Hygienic open design with zero tolerance for contamination. Condition dried fruit by placing it in a plastic or glass container, sealing, and storing for 7 days to 10 days. Pdf monitoring and optimization of the process of drying fruits. Technical manual for smallscale fruit processors food and. Dried eggs dry yeast dried blood and beef serum table 27 protein and vitamin content of different dried yeasts packaging and storage insect infestation packaging of dried fruit packing of dehydrated vegetables packing of dried eggs packing of dried milk packing of yeast packing of dehydrated meat.
Cut in rings or slices 18 to 14 inch thick or cut in quarters or eighths. It looks at the global trade in dried fruit, nuts, spicy black peppers and tea. The optimization process revealed that the sohiong slices pretreated with 0. The figs are size graded, washed, processed and sorted for use in various package types and product forms. Other fruits such as apples, apricots, bananas, cranberries, figs, kiwi, mangoes, nectarines, papaya, peaches, pears, persimmons, pineapples, strawberries and tomatoes. Most fruit should have 20% moisture content when dried. It does not apply to dried fruits that are processed by salting, sugaring, flavoring, frying, roasting or intended for furtherindustrial processing. Processing fruits science and technology second edition. Exploring california dried fruits by offering activities that allow students to experience dried fruits using their senses, it engages them in the learning process and creates increased interest, awareness and support for eating more fruits and vegetables. According to the california cottage food law, acceptable dried foods include dried pasta, dried fruits and vegetables which includes fruit and vegetable leathers, dried vegetarianbased soup mix, vegetable and potato chips, granola, trail mixes, herbs blends and dried mole paste. Fruit drying procedure apples select mature, firm apples. Sun drying of fruit crops is limited to climates with hot sun and dry atmosphere, and to certain fruits, such as prunes, grapes, dates, figs, apricots, and pears. Dried fruit and nut processing 19 value addition facilities 20 distribution20. The use of sulphur dioxide during drying improves the colour and increases the shelflife of some dried fruits.
Codex committee on processed fruits and vegetables u. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium bc in mesopotamia, and is prized because of its sweet taste, nutritive value, and long shelf life. Handle fruits gently and process them immediately because fruit ready for drying is very fragile. Production records available upon submittal of offer. The research includes the following fruit varieties. Raisins, prunes and dates are examples of popular dried fruits. This standard applies to dried fruits that have been dried by natural or artificial means or a combination of both.
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