Different types of coal and their uses pdf

Different coal pore structures could have an effect on the breakage degree of coal particles, different size distribution of primary pm, and different diffusion resistance. Pdf coalbased products and their uses researchgate. In fact, because of these differing elemental makeups, there are actually three different types of coal, each with different. Subbituminous coal has lowtomoderate heating values and is mainly used in electricity generation. Asphalt, bitumen and tar types, difference and comparison. Coal simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Coal is a black or brown rock, consisting mainly of carbon, which is formed by the compressed vegetative remains of past ages.

Mining is the process of taking mineral and other substances from the earth. The most significant uses of coal are in electricity generation, steel production, cement manufacturing and as a liquid fuel. Coking coals, used to make coke for use in blast furnaces, have particular properties which allow it to form a. Much of the presentday high quality coals were deposited during carboniferous era, i.

The woods are very easily available and most commonly used solid fuel. Nov 15, 2020 the different types of power plants are classified depending on the type of fuel used. Found in the earths crust, coal is a fossil fuel that is. Coal is seemingly the cheapest and most essential source of energy. Lignite coal, aka brown coal, is the lowest grade coal with the least concentration of carbon. The need for some type of fairly widely acceptable classification has been felt for specifications in trade, for purposes of taxation and. Rocks may sometimes include organic materials such as microscopic. Gallium is used in integrated circuits, lightemitting diodes leds, photodetectors and solar cells. Further, coal is composed of elements like carbon, sulphur, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen amongst others. In coal fired power plants, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, or lignite is burned. Figure 2 simplified flowsheet of the various coal transformation routes. Coal deposits and properties mcketta department of chemical. Furnaces have a long history of heating homes which dates back to the roman period, circa 1200 b. Out of which government has classified seven of these minerals as.

For a closer look at the different coal types and their uses, check out our other articles on the subject. The process consists of coal heated in closed iron vessels and the evaporated gases are collected in tubes. Apr 27, 2016 thermal coal is mostly used for power generation, cement manufacturing and other industrial purposes, while metallurgical coal is used primarily for manufacturing iron and steel. Block caving is a general term and usually has to do with a massmining system that. The general rule is that the higher the grade of coal, the cleaner it burns and the more versatile its uses. Coal may also be classified in grades using subjective terms e. Apr 26, 2016 coal is a fossil fuel that is, essentially, the altered remains of prehistoric vegetation, as the wca puts it. Coal is relatively uncommon, representing at most a few percent of the total sedimentary record. There are many different types of furnaces available to keep your homes warm and cozy.

Jan 29, 2020 south africa relies most heavily on coal, taking 93 percent of its electric power from this energy source. Peat coal contains high moisture and a small percentage of volatile matter and % of carbon. Proper storage is required to spontaneous combustion. Outcrop coal was used in britain during the bronze age 30002000 bc, where it formed part of funeral pyres. Coal classification, any of various ways in which coal is grouped. Besides electric utility companies, industries and businesses with their own power plants use coal to generate electricity.

Coal tar is the byproduct obtained during the production of coal gas. Coal and humankind have a long, intertwined history. Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years. We mainly use coal in society for energy generation for electricity, but also for key products and processes like steel production. Different types of coal introduction underground coal. Over 30% of coal output is consumed by railways, another similar proportion is used by industry including iron and steel works. An igneousplutonic rock, generally massive, but may exhibit a layered structure produced by successive layers of different mineral composition. Coal is a combustible black or brownishblack sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams.

Coal is classified into four main types, or ranks, based on carbon and heat content. They used a type of warmair heating system known as hypocaust. Generally, fly ash are divided by two types which are fly ash class c and fly ash class f. Read more about howwhy coal is important to society in this guide.

These substances include metal compounds, nonminerals such as coal, sand, oil and natural gas and many other useful things. This is the power plant which works individually and supplies the power to the. There are different types of bitumen available with different properties, specifications and uses based on requirements of consuming industry. Coal types geologists also classify coal types according to the organic debris, called macerals, from which the coal is formed.

Most of the worlds coal was formed in carboniferous ag. Anthracite, or hard coal, contains the highest amount of carbon out of all coal ranks 86%97% 1. Both coal and charcoal prevail at different prices due to their differences in occurrence. The heat and pressure of burial alters the texture and increases the carbon content of the peat, which transforms it into coal, a type of sedimentary rock. There are four types of coal, ordered from highest to lowest rank below. During the fi rst half of the 1800s, the industrial revolution spread to the united states. Most sedimentary layers are comprised primarily of. Chapter c the national coal resource assessment an. In roman britain, with the exception of two modern fields, the romans were exploiting coals in all the major coalfields in england and wales by the end of the second century ad. Coal formed can be of three types depending on the amount of oxygen, carbon and hydrogen they contain. Coal is a readily combustible rock containing more than 50% by weight of carbon. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.

Lignite brown coal is the dirtiest coal, is about 60%70% carbon, and is used as fuel for electric power generation. Jet is a compact form of lignite that is sometimes polished and has long been used as an ornamental stone. Nonfuel uses of coal united states energy association. Different types of bitumen, their properties and uses. China and india also rely heavily on coal for substantial amounts of their energy, at 79 percent and 69 percent, respectively. However, there are a number of different coal types. Coal is used primarily in the united states to generate electricity. Coal originally began to form during the carboniferous period, which took place between 360 and 290 million years ago. Countries such as south africa use coal for 94% of their electricity and china and india use coal for 7075% of their electricity needs, however the amount of coal china uses dwarfs most other countries see the data visualization below. Dec 22, 2012 coal is a sedimentary rock, and bituminous coal frequently contains bands, or strips, of different consistency that mark the layers of plant material that were compressed.

Difference between coal and charcoal difference between. It is important to be aware that coal can cover a variety of finished products of differing values and requiring different treatment. Diesel is used to power turbines for the production of electricity in large scale industries. Their use provides around 40% of the worlds electricity and they are primarily used in developing countries. Steamships and steampowered railroads were becoming the chief forms of transportation, and they used coal to fuel their boilers. Coal pulverizers may be classified by speed, as follows. Types of fuels and their their characteristics types of. To know more about the properties and different types of rocks and minerals you can keep visiting byjus or download our app for interesting content and learning experience. Coal classifications are important because they provide valuable information to commercial users e. One major concern with coal is the mining practices used to extract the resource.

Subbituminous coal is used as fuel for steamelectric power generation. The specification of bitumen also shows variation with the safety, solubility, physical properties, and the durability. Types of fuels and their their characteristics types of fuels. The four types of coal are peat, lignite, bituminous, and anthracite.

Hilt and others classified coal on the basis of volatile matter and coking property. Except for a small amount of net exports, the rest of the coal is used, as a basic energy source in many industries, including, steel, cement and paper. Subbituminous coal is black in color and is mainly dull not shiny. With an increase in the amount of carbon, its calorific value rises. Coal seams are more limited in their ability to sequester co 2 on a worldwide basis, but individual coal seams may be an attractive storage target because in some settings coal may sequester a greater mass of co 2 per unit volume than the other reservoirs, and there is also the potential of recovering methane from coal during the sequestration. Lignite coal has fixed carbon moisture content 30 to 45%. Compared with other types of coal, it is of a higher quality. An introduction to coal quality usgs publications repository.

Thus far, coal has been discussed as if it were a single homogeneous material, but this is done only for convenience in this report. Dolomite rich marble may be a source for magnesium and is used as an ingredient in the manufacture of refracting materials. Pdf overview of different type of fly ash and their use. It is a big player in todays energy system, providing 40% of the worlds electricity 5. Fly ash from class c usually formed from the combustion of younger lignite or subbituminous coal while. Moreover, the fact that it is used in industries to heat. A ball mill is a pulverizer that consists of a horizontal rotating cylinder, up to three diameters in length, containing a charge of tumbling or. Ecological impacts and human safety issues, both for workers and. Types, or ranks, of coal are determined by carbon content. It is used in power engineering, housing and communal services for heating. What are some characteristics of the different types of coal.

In fact, it is burned in power plants to produce nearly half of the electricity we use. How coal is used about 92 percent of the coal used in the united states, is for generating electricity. Oils help lubricate different types of highend machines used in different industries, hospitals, etc. For electric power coal is used to generate almost half of all electricity produced in the united states. Therefore utilization of fly ash as a useful product is essential in todays world for a sustainable coal industry. In the subsequent geochemical stage, the different timetemperature histories led to the formation of coals of widely differing properties, as summarized in table 71 and discussed below. A rock, on the other hand, is a combination of two or more types of minerals fused together. Those factors determine the amount of volatile elements in the vapor phase, which participates in the condensation process staudt, 2011. Bituminous coal is a relatively soft, black coal that is formed by the diagenetic and submetamorphic compression of peat bog material. Coal is a fossil fuel that was formed from onceliving plants of various types. A power generating station can be broadly classified into the three abovementioned types. The heat produced by the combustion of the coal is used to convert water into highpressure steam, which drives a turbine, which produces electricity. In fact, because of these differing elemental makeups, there are actually three different types of coal, each with different energy properties.

Oil is used to produce electricity at homes and shops. The less moisture and volatile substances it contains gases, the easier it. It is used mostly in industrial settings and the metals industry due to its high heat value. In the second half of the 1800s, more uses for coal. The geology of nigeria is dominated by three major rock types. Table 71 carbon content and age of different coals coal type approximate age years. This type of coal has the highest calorific value and does not lose its qualities during transportation or storage.

For the purpose of bulk power generation, thermal, nuclear, and hydropower are the most efficient. A ball mill is a pulverizer that consists of a horizontal rotating cylinder, up to three diameters in length, containing a charge of tumbling or cascading steel balls, pebbles, or rods. Since 2000, global coal consumption has grown faster than any other fuel. The 39 types of fuels and their characteristics wood is used in almost every village, town and cities in india. Macerals microscopic organic constituents found in coal are identified microscopically by reflected light the reflective or translucent properties of the coal indicating the individual component macerals.

It is widely used as crushed stone for concrete aggregate, road. Let us have a look at these types of power stations in detail. Anthracite, or hard coal, contains the highest amount of carbon out of all coal ranks 86%97%1. It has a new use in chemotherapy for some types of cancer. In addition, coal is a nonrenewable source of energy which means that once extracted. Anthracite is the most mature coal and thus has the highest carbon content of any type of coal. It is used for preserving timber, laying macadam roads etc. Integrated circuits are used in defense applications, high performance computers and telecommunications. Most classifications are based on the results of chemical analyses and physical tests, but some are more empirical in nature. The process consists of coal heated in closed iron vessels and the evaporated gases are collected in. Coal is classified according to moisture, natural gases and carbon content. What are the different types of coal and their uses. Ash consists of inorganic matter from the earths crust. Other problems that may arise from the use of coal are.

Based on maceral content and its appearance in a hand specimen, coal is classified into four principal types. Types of fuels and their characteristics indian coal is of low grade variety and coal washing to obtain low ash metallurgical coal is unavoidable. It burns cleaner than other types of coal, producing less greenhouse gas emissions due to its low sulfur content. Pdf overview of different type of fly ash and their use as. All varieties of coal originate as sedimentary layers called peat, that are rich in organic matter. Coal is primarily used as fuel to generate electric power in the united states. Liquefaction is in general used to produce other types of fuel, for example, for. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements. Coal and petroleum formation, types, and their uses. The united states has major reserves of all ranks of coal. The coal formation process involves the burial of peat, which is made of partly decayed plant materials, deep underground.